Adam Roberts
Civil Resistance in the East European and Soviet Revolutions (1991)
Introduction
The death knell of communist rule, which has now ended in all European countries, was sounded not by nuclear weapons, nor even for the most part by the use of military force, but by civil resistance. In the last quarter of 1989, "people power" in v...
Roland Bleiker
Nonviolent Struggle and the Revolution in East Germany (1993)
INTRODUCTION
We were more afraid of the people than the people had reason to be afraid of us.
(Statement by a member of the much feared Stasi, the East German State Security Service)
"We are the people" was the main battle cry of the nonviolent struggle that...
Bruce Jenkins & Gene Sharp
The Anti-Coup (2004)
From the Introduction
Supporters of political democracy, human rights, and social justice have good reasons to be alarmed about coups d'état. These abrupt seizures of the state apparatus have occurred with great frequency in recent decades. Coups have overthrown established constitutional dem...
Gene Sharp
Self Reliant Defense Without Bankruptcy or War (1992)
PREFACE
To state the obvious, the former constituent republics of the Soviet Union and the once Communist-ruled Eastern European states face numerous difficulties. The questions of how to maintain national independence, ensure survival in a dangerous world, and protect the con...
Robert Helvey
On Strategic Nonviolent Conflict: Thinking About the Fundamentals (2004)
INTRODUCTION
The twentieth century was the most violent century in recorded history. Two World Wars resulted in the deaths of more than 200 mil- lion soldiers and civilians. In addition, there were many limited, but just as terrifying, wars of liberation,...
